MENTORSHIP AS A PRACTICE OF TRANSMITTING SOCIOCULTURAL EXPERIENCE: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH

The article presents a phenomenological analysis of mentorship as a specific anthropo-practice aimed at transmitting socio-cultural experience. In the context of the institutional crisis of traditional educational forms and the proliferation of its instrumentalized versions, the necessity of addressing the essential foundations of this phenomenon is substantiated. Using Husserlian methodology, the author consistently applies the operation of epoche to the description of mentorship, identifying its invariant eidetic core. As a result of this reduction, an interconnected structure of six constitutive elements is revealed: 1) communicative exchange, 2) identification of a specific task, 3) the product of the mentee’s activity as the object of work, 4) task execution as an act of agency, 5) analysis of the product by the mentor, and 6) integration into the community as a teleological horizon. To verify the universality and transhistorical status of the identified core, the ancient practice of «care of the self» and the Christian confessional technique, as described by M. Foucault in “The Hermeneutics of the Subject”, are examined. Based on this, it is concluded that the proposed structure retains its efficacy across different epistemological contexts, while being filled with varying content. The study demonstrates that mentorship is not merely a career development technique or psychological support, but a fundamental socio-anthropological practice of transmitting and assimilating experience, whose logic is revealed through its internal, phenomenologically disclosed architecture.